{"id":188,"date":"2026-06-07T23:17:39","date_gmt":"2026-06-07T21:17:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/it2508.sspu-opava.eu\/?p=188"},"modified":"2026-06-15T19:14:23","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T17:14:23","slug":"prace-s-procesy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/it2508.sspu-opava.eu\/?p=188","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e1ce s procesy"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u010c\u00e1st 1: Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch atribut\u016f (PID, PPID, UID)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ka\u017ed\u00fd proces m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed PID a identitu u\u017eivatele (UID). Ne\u017e za\u010dneme procesy vytv\u00e1\u0159et, nau\u010d\u00edme se zjistit data o procesu, ve kter\u00e9m n\u00e1\u0161 program pr\u00e1v\u011b b\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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K tomu pou\u017eijeme syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed getpid()<\/code> (vlastn\u00ed ID), getppid()<\/code> (ID rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9ho procesu) a getuid()<\/code> (ID u\u017eivatele, pod kter\u00fdm proces b\u011b\u017e\u00ed).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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#include <stdio.h>\n#include <unistd.h>\n#include <sys\/types.h>\n\nint main() {\n    \/\/ Z\u00edsk\u00e1me atributy sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho procesu\n    pid_t my_pid = getpid();\n    pid_t parent_pid = getppid();\n    uid_t my_uid = getuid();\n\n    printf("[Hlavn\u00ed proces] Moje PID: %d\\n", my_pid);\n    printf("[Hlavn\u00ed proces] PID m\u00e9ho rodi\u010de (PPID): %d\\n", parent_pid);\n    printf("[Hlavn\u00ed proces] Moje u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 UID: %d\\n", my_uid);\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n                     <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u010c\u00e1st 2: Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho procesu pomoc\u00ed fork()<\/code><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nov\u00e9 procesy d\u011bd\u00ed atributy ze sv\u00e9ho rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9ho (parent) procesu. V Linuxu se nov\u00fd proces vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tak, \u017ee se ten st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u201erozdvoj\u00ed\u201c pomoc\u00ed vol\u00e1n\u00ed fork()<\/code>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Od okam\u017eiku zavol\u00e1n\u00ed fork()<\/code> b\u011b\u017e\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu dva identick\u00e9 procesy (rodi\u010d a d\u00edt\u011b). Rozli\u0161\u00edme je podle n\u00e1vratov\u00e9 hodnoty:<\/p>
  • Rodi\u010d dostane jako v\u00fdsledek PID sv\u00e9ho nov\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p><\/li>
  • D\u00edt\u011b dostane hodnotu 0<\/code>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    #include <stdio.h>\n#include <unistd.h>\n#include <sys\/types.h>\n\nint main() {\n    pid_t pid;\n\n    printf("P\u0159ed rozdvojen\u00edm (forkem)...\\n");\n\n    \/\/ Rozdvojen\u00ed procesu\n    pid = fork();\n\n    if (pid < 0) {\n        \/\/ Pokud fork sel\u017ee\n        perror("Fork se nepovedl :(");\n        return 1;\n    } \n    else if (pid == 0) {\n        \/\/ K\u00f3d, kter\u00fd vykon\u00e1 pouze DOSP\u011aL\u00c9 D\u00cdT\u011a\n        printf("[D\u00edt\u011b] J\u00e1 jsem nov\u00fd proces! Moje PID je %d a PID m\u00e9ho rodi\u010de je %d.\\n", getpid(), getppid());\n    } \n    else {\n        \/\/ K\u00f3d, kter\u00fd vykon\u00e1 pouze RODI\u010c\n        printf("[Rodi\u010d] J\u00e1 jsem rodi\u010d. Moje PID je %d a vytvo\u0159il jsem d\u00edt\u011b s PID %d.\\n", getpid(), pid);\n    }\n\n    printf("[Proces %d] Tohle vyp\u00ed\u0161\u00ed oba procesy, proto\u017ee oba pokra\u010duj\u00ed odsud dol\u016f.\\n", getpid());\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n                     <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \u010c\u00e1st 3: Skupiny proces\u016f a \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na d\u00edt\u011b (wait<\/code>)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    V t\u00e9to fin\u00e1ln\u00ed uk\u00e1zce vytvo\u0159\u00edme proces, zjist\u00edme jeho skupinu pomoc\u00ed getpgrp()<\/code> a uk\u00e1\u017eeme si, jak rodi\u010d spr\u00e1vn\u011b po\u010dk\u00e1 na ukon\u010den\u00ed sv\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte pomoc\u00ed vol\u00e1n\u00ed wait()<\/code>. \u010cek\u00e1n\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby se z d\u00edt\u011bte po skon\u010den\u00ed nestal tzv. \u201ezombie proces\u201c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    #include <stdio.h>\n#include <unistd.h>\n#include <sys\/types.h>\n#include <sys\/wait.h>\n\nint main() {\n    pid_t pid;\n\n    printf("[Rodi\u010d] Moje ID skupiny (PGID) je: %d\\n", getpgrp());\n\n    pid = fork();\n\n    if (pid == 0) {\n        \/\/ Sme v d\u011btsk\u00e9m procesu\n        printf("[D\u00edt\u011b] Moje PGID je: %d (zd\u011bdil jsem ho od rodi\u010de)\\n", getpgrp());\n        printf("[D\u00edt\u011b] Te\u010f budu 2 sekundy simulovat pr\u00e1ci...\\n");\n        sleep(2);\n        printf("[D\u00edt\u011b] Kon\u010d\u00edm.\\n");\n        return 42; \/\/ D\u00edt\u011b vr\u00e1t\u00ed rodi\u010di status 42\n    } \n    else {\n        \/\/ Jsme v rodi\u010di\n        int status;\n        printf("[Rodi\u010d] \u010cek\u00e1m, a\u017e d\u00edt\u011b dokon\u010d\u00ed pr\u00e1ci...\\n");\n        \n        \/\/ Rodi\u010d se zde zastav\u00ed a \u010dek\u00e1 na sign\u00e1l o konci d\u00edt\u011bte\n        pid_t child_pid = wait(&status);\n\n        if (WIFEXITED(status)) {\n            printf("[Rodi\u010d] D\u00edt\u011b %d \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b skon\u010dilo a vr\u00e1tilo k\u00f3d: %d\\n", \n                   child_pid, WEXITSTATUS(status));\n        }\n    }\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n                     <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    Co jsme se nau\u010dili?<\/h3>
    1. Jak zjistit identitu procesu (PID) a u\u017eivatele (UID).<\/p><\/li>
    2. Jak naklonovat proces pomoc\u00ed fork()<\/code>.<\/p><\/li>
    3. \u017de procesy automaticky d\u011bd\u00ed skupinu (PGID) a rodi\u010d na n\u011b mus\u00ed po\u010dkat pomoc\u00ed wait()<\/code>.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \u010c\u00e1st 1: Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch atribut\u016f (PID, PPID, UID) Ka\u017ed\u00fd proces m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed PID a identitu u\u017eivatele (UID). Ne\u017e za\u010dneme procesy vytv\u00e1\u0159et, nau\u010d\u00edme se zjistit data o procesu, ve kter\u00e9m n\u00e1\u0161 program pr\u00e1v\u011b b\u011b\u017e\u00ed. K tomu pou\u017eijeme syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed getpid() (vlastn\u00ed ID), getppid() (ID rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9ho procesu) a getuid() (ID u\u017eivatele, pod kter\u00fdm proces b\u011b\u017e\u00ed). #include […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":267,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priklady"],"yoast_head":"\nPr\u00e1ce s procesy - Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 programov\u00e1n\u00ed pro blbe\u010dky<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/it2508.sspu-opava.eu\/?p=188\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pr\u00e1ce s procesy - Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 programov\u00e1n\u00ed pro blbe\u010dky\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u010c\u00e1st 1: Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch atribut\u016f (PID, PPID, UID) Ka\u017ed\u00fd proces m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed PID a identitu u\u017eivatele (UID). Ne\u017e za\u010dneme procesy vytv\u00e1\u0159et, nau\u010d\u00edme se zjistit data o procesu, ve kter\u00e9m n\u00e1\u0161 program pr\u00e1v\u011b b\u011b\u017e\u00ed. 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Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 programov\u00e1n\u00ed pro blbe\u010dky","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/it2508.sspu-opava.eu\/?p=188","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pr\u00e1ce s procesy - Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 programov\u00e1n\u00ed pro blbe\u010dky","og_description":"\u010c\u00e1st 1: Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch atribut\u016f (PID, PPID, UID) Ka\u017ed\u00fd proces m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed PID a identitu u\u017eivatele (UID). Ne\u017e za\u010dneme procesy vytv\u00e1\u0159et, nau\u010d\u00edme se zjistit data o procesu, ve kter\u00e9m n\u00e1\u0161 program pr\u00e1v\u011b b\u011b\u017e\u00ed. 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